NCA investigation highlights growing threat of online abuse networks

Safeline is highlighting the dangers of online abuse and exploitation following the sentencing of a Leeds man, Justin Swaddle, who targeted 117 victims worldwide through an online “Com” group. The National Crime Agency (NCA) identified victims aged between 13 and 17 and found evidence of coercion, sexual abuse, blackmail and the encouragement of self-harm.

The NCA investigation revealed that the offender used social media and messaging platforms, including Snapchat, Telegram and Discord, to build trust with young people before manipulating and threatening them into carrying out harmful acts. Investigators recovered evidence showing victims were subjected to sexual exploitation, blackmail and significant emotional harm.

The case highlights the growing concern around “Com” networks, online communities where offenders encourage criminal behaviour, including coercing children and young people into self-harm, sexual abuse and sharing explicit content. These groups operate internationally across messaging apps, social media platforms and gaming services.

The NCA worked with law enforcement agencies in several countries to identify and safeguard victims affected by the offender’s actions.

“Com” groups are harmful online communities where individuals encourage, share and celebrate abusive, criminal and exploitative behaviour. These groups can be involved in a range of serious offences, including child sexual abuse, online exploitation, cybercrime, serious violence and, in some cases, extremist activity.

Members often seek status and recognition within these networks by causing harm to others. This can involve sharing abusive content, manipulating victims, or coercing children and young people into carrying out harmful acts against themselves or others.

Offenders frequently use grooming, intimidation and blackmail to gain control over victims. They may pressure young people into sharing intimate images or videos, which are then used to exploit, humiliate or threaten them. In some cases, victims are coerced into self-harming, carrying out dangerous acts, or recording and livestreaming abuse.

The impact on victims can be profound and long-lasting. Many experience fear, shame, anxiety and trauma, often feeling trapped by the threats and manipulation used against them. The content created through this abuse may then be shared across online networks, further increasing the harm caused.

Understanding how these groups operate is vital in helping parents, carers, educators and professionals recognise the warning signs of online exploitation and support young people to stay safe online.